Agriculture

Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers produced by the re-use of a metallurgical acid residue.
Barreto MSC, Mattiello EM, Santos WO, Melo LCA, Vergütz L, Novais RF
J Environ Manage. 2018 Feb 15;208:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.075. Epub 2017 Dec 11.

Structure, dissolution, and plant uptake of ferrous/zinc phosphates.
Knijnenburg JTN, Laohhasurayotin K, Khemthong P, Kangwansupamonkon W.
Chemosphere. 2019 May;223:310-318. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.024. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Potential Sustainable Slow-Release Fertilizers Obtained by Mechanochemical Activation of MgAl and MgFe Layered Double Hydroxides and K₂HPO₄.
Borges R, Wypych F, Petit E, Forano C, Prevot V.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Feb 1;9(2). pii: E183. doi: 10.3390/nano9020183.

Effects of short-chain polyphosphate fertilization on inorganic P transformation and mobilization of Fe, Mn and Zn in soils.
Wang XW, Wang C, Chu GX.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 Sep;29(9):2970-2978. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.024

Low-phosphate-selected Auxenochlorella protothecoides redirects phosphate to essential pathways while producing more biomass.
Park SH, Kyndt J, Chougule K, Park JJ, Brown JK.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 19;13(6):e0198953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198953. eCollection 2018

Combined application of bio-organic phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus strain MWT 14) improve the performance of bread wheat with low fertilizer input under an arid climate.
Tahir M, Khalid U, Ijaz M, Shah GM, Naeem MA, Shahid M, Mahmood K, Ahmad N, Kareem F.
Braz J Microbiol. 2018 Nov;49 Suppl 1:15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.11.005. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Nutrition

Applications and functions of food-grade phosphates.
Lampila LE.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Oct;1301:37-44. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12230. Epub 2013 Aug 26

Contribution of Composition, Physicochemical Characteristics and Polyphosphates to the Microbial Safety of Pasteurized Cheese Spreads.
Eckner KF, Dustman WA, Ryś-Rodriguez AA.
J Food Prot. 1994 Apr;57(4):295-300. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-57.4.295.

Effects of trisodium phosphate treatment after harvest on storage quality and sucrose metabolism in jujube fruit.
Zhang J, Li C, Wei M, Ge Y, Tang Q, Xue W, Zhang S, Wang W, Lv J.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 May 18. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9814

Waffle production: influence of batter ingredients on sticking of waffles at baking plates-Part II: effect of fat, leavening agent, and water.
Huber R, Schoenlechner R.
Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Sep 20;5(3):513-520. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.425. eCollection 2017 May.

Medicine

The role of phosphate in kidney disease.
Vervloet MG, Sezer S, Massy ZA, Johansson L, Cozzolino M, Fouque D; ERA–EDTA Working Group on Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorders and the European Renal Nutrition Working Group.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017 Jan;13(1):27-38. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.164. Epub 2016 Nov 21.

Bactericidal and Bacteriolytic Effects of Selected Food-Grade Phosphates, Using Staphylococcus aureus as a Model System.
Lee RM, Hartman PA, Olson DG, Williams FD.
J Food Prot. 1994 Apr;57(4):276-283. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-57.4.276.

Relationship of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal sepsis: a single-center investigation on the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Zekavat OR, Makarem A, Bahrami R, Dastgheib N, Dehghani SJ.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2019 Apr 11;10:33-37. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S202080. eCollection 2019.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Revealing Severe Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD-D) Deficiency with Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report.
Alzaki AA, Alalawi NH.
Am J Case Rep. 2019 May 22;20:726-729. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.915007.

Biological and anti-vascular activity evaluation of ethoxy-erianin phosphate as a vascular disrupting agent.
Yuan W, Su C, Yang X, Li Y, Cao Y, Liang X, Liu J.
J Cell Biochem. 2019 May 20. doi: 10.1002/jcb.28959

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as intrinsic inorganic antimicrobials: In search of the key particle property.
Uskoković V, Tang S, Nikolić MG, Marković S, Wu VM.
Biointerphases. 2019 May 20;14(3):031001. doi: 10.1116/1.5090396.

Safety

Phosphate additives in food a potential public health risk. High phosphate levels can lead to cardiovascular disease
Stenvinkel P, Irving GF, Wegener S, Eyre S, Rippe B, Segelmark M, Barany P, Samuelsson O.
Lakartidningen. 2014 Jul 2-15;111(27-28):1176-9.

Phosphate additives in food--a health risk.
Ritz E, Hahn K, Ketteler M, Kuhlmann MK, Mann J.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012 Jan;109(4):49-55. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0049. Epub 2012 Jan 27

Phosphates are inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

They are used in the food industry as:

• acidulants
• flavors
• gel accelerants
• precipitants
• ion-exchange agents

In particular, phosphates in the food sector improve:

• the flavor of cola beverages
• the structure of a frankfurter
• the hydration of meats
• the leavening of bakery products
• the softness of the cheese

They are also used in:

• Agriculture as fertilizer
• Detergents

Phosphates studies

Molecular Formula: O₄P^-3

Molecular Weight: 94.97 g/mol

UNII: NK08V8K8HR

CAS: 14265-44-2

EC Number: 604-302-9

FEMA Number:

Synonyms:

• phosphate
• orthophosphate
• Phosphate ion
• Phosphates
• Phosphate ions
• tetraoxophosphate(V)
• tetraoxophosphate(3-)
• Phosphoric acid trianion
• tetraoxidophosphate(3-)
• phosphoric acid, ion(3-)