The in-depth studies on sodium hypochlorite cover the latest studies on applications, safety, environment.

Munir A, Zehnder M, Rechenberg DK. Wound Lavage in Studies on Vital Pulp Therapy of Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposures: A Qualitative Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):E984. Published 2020 Apr 1. doi:10.3390/jcm9040984

Mahdizadeh S, Sawford K, van Andel M, Browning GF. Efficacy of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants against Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol. 2020;243:108630. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108630

Panchal V, Gurunathan D, Muralidharan NP. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon extract, neem extract as irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus fecalis: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2020;31(1):124–128. doi:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_177_18

Zhang H, Zhao L, Liu D, Wang J, Zhang X, Chen C. Early period corrosion and scaling characteristics of ductile iron pipe for ground water supply with sodium hypochlorite disinfection [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 21]. Water Res. 2020;176:115742. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115742

Palatyńska-Ulatowska A, Buła K, Klimek L. Influence of sodium hypochlorite and ultrasounds on surface features and chemical composition of Biodentine tricalcium silicate-based material [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 28]. Dent Mater J. 2020;10.4012/dmj.2018-430.

Yared G, Al Asmar Ramli G. Antibacterial Ability of Sodium Hypochlorite Heated in the Canals of Infected Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6975. Published 2020 Feb 13. doi:10.7759/cureus.6975

Getie A, Belayneh YM. A Retrospective Study of Acute Poisoning Cases and Their Management at Emergency Department of Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2020;12:41–48. Published 2020 Mar 5. doi:10.2147/DHPS.S241413

Napolitani M, Bezzini D, Moirano F, Bedogni C, Messina G. Methods of Disinfecting Stethoscopes: Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):1856. Published 2020 Mar 13. doi:10.3390/ijerph17061856

Wright PP, Kahler B, Walsh LJ. The effect of temperature on the stability of sodium hypochlorite in a continuous chelation mixture containing the chelator clodronate [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 4]. Aust Endod J. 2020;10.1111/aej.12399. doi:10.1111/aej.12399

Kindermann J, Karbiener M, Leydold SM, Knotzer S, Modrof J, Kreil TR. Virus disinfection for biotechnology applications: Different effectiveness on surface versus in suspension. Biologicals. 2020;64:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.02.002

Guo L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, et al. The antibacterial mechanism of ultrasound in combination with sodium hypochlorite in the control of Escherichia coli. Food Res Int. 2020;129:108887. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108887

Röhner E, Jacob B, Böhle S, et al. Sodium hypochlorite is more effective than chlorhexidine for eradication of bacterial biofilm of staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 7]. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;10.1007/s00167-020-05887-9. doi:10.1007/s00167-020-05887-9

Edler C, Krebs O, Gehl A, et al. The effect of bleaching agents on the DNA analysis of bloodstains on different floor coverings [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jan 20]. Int J Legal Med. 2020;10.1007/s00414-020-02250-y. doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02250-y

Shayegan LH, Levin LE, Galligan ER, et al. Skin cleansing and topical product use in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: Results from a multicenter database. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37(2):326–332. doi:10.1111/pde.14102

Park KM, Yoon SG, Choi TH, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Koo M. The Bactericidal Effect of a Combination of Food-Grade Compounds and their Application as Alternative Antibacterial Agents for Food Contact Surfaces. Foods. 2020;9(1):59. Published 2020 Jan 7. doi:10.3390/foods9010059

Teixeira P, Fernandes B, Silva AM, Dias N, Azeredo J. Evaluation by Flow Cytometry of Escherichia coli Viability in Lettuce after Disinfection. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019;9(1):E14. Published 2019 Dec 31. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9010014

Sodium hypochlorite is a chlorine-based chemical compound that is commonly used as a bleaching and disinfectant and it gives off a strong chlorine smell.

The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in disinfection and cleaning depends on the available chlorine concentration and the pH of the solution.

This compound is also used, at 0.5%, as an antiseptic in infected skin lesions and is known to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the food industry, in hospitals, in the home, in agriculture.

Sodium hypochlorite is considered a source of hypochlorous acid, which is produced by a myeloperoxidase expressed in professional phagocytes such as macrophages (1).

Its antimicrobial and tissue dissolution characteristics have made it an ideal candidate in endodontics preferable to chlorhexidine which has no tissue dissolution capacity (2).

Safety

This study examines in parallel the mechanisms of cytotoxicity through which sodium hypochlorite and the chloramines generated by it induce oxidative damage to the tissues (3) .

Ipoclorito di sodio approfondimenti

Sodium hypochlorite insights

Molecular Formula: NaClO

Molecular  Weight: 74.44 g/mol

CAS: 7681-52-9

EC Number: 231-668-3

UNII DY38VHM5OD

DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8021276

References_____________________________________________________________

(1) Mourenza Á, Collado C, Bravo-Santano N, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Letek M. The extracellular thioredoxin Etrx3 is required for macrophage infection in Rhodococcus equi. Vet Res. 2020;51(1):38. Published 2020 Mar 10. doi:10.1186/s13567-020-00763-3

(2) White RR, Hays GL, Janer LR. Residual antimicrobial activity after canal irrigation with chlorhexidine. J Endod. 1997;23(4):229–231. doi:10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80052-011223344

(3) Hidalgo E, Bartolome R, Dominguez C. Cytotoxicity mechanisms of sodium hypochlorite in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and its bactericidal effectiveness. Chem Biol Interact. 2002;139(3):265–282. doi:10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00003-0