Sodium glycolate is a chemical compound, an organic salt of glycolic acid with an equal number of sodium and glycolate ions.

It occurs as a fine white crystalline powder.

What it is used for and where

Sodium Glycolate is considered to be the best alternative in applications requiring glycolic acid, a chemical compound that is rather controversial due to its ability to penetrate the skin and its corrosive action. Sodium Glycolate performs similar functions to glycolic acid, but is milder in action, and is approved by the CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in concentrations below 10% in anti-UV products.

Cosmetics. Mainly used as a skin conditioning agent, it also serves to soften lines on the skin by acting as a humectant. As an exfoliating agent, it uses the moisture in the air to eliminate dead cells.

Pharmaceutical and medicine. It is an excipient with the function of a disintegrating agent in tablets as it enables the tablet to be dissolved more quickly in the digestive system. It absorbs water quickly and swells the tablet so that the components of the tablet are dispersed. It also acts as a gelling and suspending agent.

In microemulsions with a solid lipid nanoparticulate delivery system, Sodium Glycolate has been used as a co-surfactant together with the main surfactant soy lecithin (1).

Electroplating. Galvanic solution additive, metal pickling

Tanning industry. Involved in the tanning and dyeing of leather.

Sodium glycolate studies

Typical optimal commercial product characteristics Sodium glycolate

• Molecular Formula  C₂H₃NaO₃    ¹³CCH₃NaO₃
• Molecular Weight     98.03 g/mol
• Exact Mass   97.997986
• CAS  2836-32-0
• UNII    B75E535IMI
• EC Number   220-624-9
• DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID6047153
• IUPAC  sodium;2-hydroxyacetate
• InChI=1S/C2H4O3.Na/c3-1-2(4)5;/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5);/q;+1/p-1  
• InChl Key      VILMUCRZVVVJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
• SMILES   C(C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]
• MDL number  MFCD28346977     MFCD00065358
• PubChem Substance ID    329768700
• ChEBI  132094   

Synonyms:

• sodium;2-hydroxyacetate
• Glycolic-1-¹³C acid sodium

References______________________________________________________________________

(1) Doijad RC, Manvi FV, Godhwani DM, Joseph R, Deshmukh NV. Formulation and targeting efficiency of Cisplatin engineered solid lipid nanoparticles. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008 Mar-Apr;70(2):203-7. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.41456.

Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Genedy S, Khames A, Hussein A, Sarhan H. Hydralazine HCl rapidly disintegrating sublingual tablets: simple dosage form of higher bioavailability and enhanced clinical efficacy for potential rapid control on hypertensive preeclampsia. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Nov 5;12:3753-3766. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S173326.

Abstract. This work aims for the preparation of HHC rapidly disintegrating sublingual tablets of higher absorption rate, short onset of action, and higher bioavailability for rapid control on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive emergencies especially preeclampsia.

Rudnic EM, Kanig JL, Rhodes CT. Effect of molecular structure variation on the disintegrant action of sodium starch glycolate. J Pharm Sci. 1985 Jun;74(6):647-50. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600740613.

Abstract. The effect of variation in the degree of cross-linkage and extent of carboxymethylation on the disintegration and dissolution properties of sodium starch glycolate has been examined. 

Sallal AK, Nimer NA. The intracellular localization of glycolate oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 1989 Dec 4;258(2):277-80. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81673-4.

Abstract. Distribution of glycolate oxidoreductase in cell-free extracts of E. coli grown in mineral medium containing sodium glycolate has been studied.

Doijad RC, Manvi FV, Godhwani DM, Joseph R, Deshmukh NV. Formulation and targeting efficiency of Cisplatin engineered solid lipid nanoparticles. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008 Mar-Apr;70(2):203-7. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.41456.

Abstract. Sodium glycolate feeding (50 mg/100 g body weight/day) to adult male rats for 7 days resulted in increased activities of glycolate oxidase in liver and lactate dehydrogenase in liver and kidney.

Talwar HS, Murthy MS, Thind SK, Nath R. Sodium glycolate absorption in rat intestine. Biochem Med. 1984 Jun;31(3):311-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-2944(84)90087-5.

Abstract. Absorption of sodium [1-14C]glycolate by rat intestine was studied by using the tissue accumulation technique with everted intestinal rings.