Povidone K30 (Crospovidone) or cross-linked polyvinyl N-pyrrolidone or PVP is a cross-linked homopolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
The name describes the structure of the molecule
- Povidone - Another name for polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- K30 - Indicates the molecular weight grade of the polymer.
Description of raw materials used in production
- Vinylpyrrolidone monomer (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) - The primary raw material for the production of PVP.
Synthesis process
- Radical polymerization - The vinylpyrrolidone monomer undergoes radical polymerization, often using peroxides as the initiator, to form the PVP polymer of varying chain lengths.
- Isolation and purification - The resulting polymer is then isolated, purified, and dried to yield the desired grade of povidone, in this case, K30.
The PVP K series includes: K12, K15, K17, K25, K30, K60, K90.
Applications
- Tablet Binder - Used in pharmaceutical products as a binder in tablets to enhance tablet compression and disintegration.
- Solubilizing Agent - Increases the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, thus improving their bioavailability.
- Film-forming Agents - In cosmetic products, Povidone K30 is often used as a film-forming agent, for instance, in hair styling products like gels or sprays.
- Suspension Stabilizer - Can stabilize suspensions in pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations.
- Viscosifying Agent - Used to increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions or other vehicles.
Crospovidone type A (and type B) is a cross polymer consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, often referred to as insoluble PVP or cross-linked PVP. Insoluble in water, acid, alkalis and common organic solvents . It is a light yellow or white hygroscopic powder, practically odourless. Insoluble in water, acid and alkali and in all other common solvents.
Both Crospovidone type A and Crospovidone type B have the characteristic of swelling and leading to the formation of coordination compounds such as polyphenols, carboxylic acid and other low molecular weight compounds. The difference between the two lies in the different density, which leads to sometimes different applications. The higher the density, the finer the powder.
Crospovidone type A | Density | 1.316 ~ 1.321 g/ml |
Crospovidone type B | Density | 1.225 ~ 1.342 g/ml |
Tablet compactability. Fine crospovidone grades (type B) increase the tensile strength of tablets at a given compressive pressure. The finer the crospovidone grade, the stronger the bonding capacity.
Tablet compression. Both type A and type B have similar compression values.
Tablet bonding. Copovidone, as a dry binder, increasing the strength of the tablet slows its disintegration. In this case Crospovidone type B can provide rapid disintegration.
What it is used for and where
Medical
By the pharmaceutical industry due to its characteristics of physiological inertness, excellent solubility, film-forming capacity, chemical stability, and biological compatibility, it is used as a medical slow-release carrier, disintegration agent, haemodialysis film, etc. Depending on the ingredients in the formula, the disintegration time of capsules and tablets changes.
The low molecular weight PVP K series serves as a solubilising agent, suspension stabiliser and crystallisation inhibitor in ophthalmic and injectable formulations.
It acts in different ways:
- Disintegrating in solid tablets due to its ability to absorb water and swelling. Crospovidone is inert and has the same chemical structure as povidone, which is used as a carrier in solid dispersion systems. It improves dissolution and bioavailability.
- Complexing agent for tannin and polyphenols in alcoholic extracts or aqueous herbs.
- Suspension stabiliser increases the dispersion capacity of the solution sediment by acting as a hydrophilic viscosising polymer.
- Absorbs moisture
Crospovidone type A is also incorporated into medicinal tablets as a normal binding agent.
Crospovidone type B increases the tensile strength of tablets at a given value of compressive pressure, and the finer the grade of crospovidone, the greater the binding capacity.
Food
In the beverage industry, beer, fruit juices etc., Crospovidone type A has the property of maintaining taste, removing anthocyanin and polyphenol, improving colour and clarity of the liquid. it also acts as a preservative and stabiliser.
Cosmetics
Crospovidone type A acts as a moisturiser for the skin, maintains the moisture of higher grade cosmetics. In toothpastes it acts as a surfactant and alleviates inflammation.
The most relevant studies on the subject have been selected with a summary of their contents:
Crospovidone studies
Appearance | White powder |
pH | 5-7 |
Boiling Point | 217.6±7.0°C at 760 mmHg |
Melting Point | ~165 °C |
Flash Point | 93.9±0.0°C |
Density | 1.1±0.1 g/cm3 |
PSA | 20.31000 |
LogP | 0.37 |
Vapor Pressure | 0.1±0.4 mmHg at 25°C |
Refraction Index | 1.593 |
Soluble components | ≤1.0% |
Adsorption | >55 g/100g |
Loss on drying
| ≤5.0 % |
Soluble components
| ≤1.0% |
Heavy metals
| ≤10 ppm |
Nitrogen | 11.0-12.8% |
Sulfate ash | ≤0.1% |
Peroxides H2O2 | ≤400 ppm |
Aerobic plate count
| ≤100 cfu/g |
- Molecular Formula C6H9NO C6H13NOP2
- Linear Formula (C6H9NO)n
- Molecular Weight 111.14
- Exact Mass 111.068413
- CAS 25249-54-1 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer (9003-39-8)
- UNII 4LFS24GD0V
- EC Number 201-800-4 607-660-4
- DSSTox Substance ID
- IUPAC 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer
- InChl=1S/C6H13NOP2/c8-5-2-1-3-7(5)6(10)4-9/h6H,1-4,9-10H2
- InChl Key LQIAZOCLNBBZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES C1CC(=O)N(C1)C(CP)P
- MDL number MFCD00149016
- PubChem Substance ID
- ChEBI 185135
- RTECS TR8370000
- NCI C80893
- RXCUI 1310706
Synonyms:
- Vinylpyrrolidone
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVP
- Povidone
- 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
- polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Polyplasdone ; bolinan; colidon; dulcilarmes; hemodyn; kollidon; kollidon 12; kollidon 15; kollidon 17; kollidon 25; kollidon 30; kollidon 40; kollidon 90; kollidon cl; kollidon k30; kollidon k60; kollidon k90; luviskol k30; periston; periston n; plasdone; plasdone 25; plasdone 26 28; plasdone k 29-32; plasdone k 90; plasmosan; poly(n vinyl 2 pyrrolidone); poly(n vinylpyrrolidone); polyvidone; polyvidonk25; polyvinyl polypyrrolidone; poly(vinylpyrrolidone); polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone 10 000; polyvinylpyrrolidone 11000; polyvinylpyrrolidone 25000; polyvinylpyrrolidone40000; polyvinylpyrrolidone 44 000; polyvinylpyrrolidone 700 000; polyvinylpyrrolidone solution; poridone; povidone 40; pvp 40000; pvp macrose; rp 143; subtosan; vinisil; 1 vinyl 2 pyrrolidinone polymer; kollidon k 30; polyvidon k25; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone 40000