Analysis of the cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and pro-oxidant effect of synephrine, a component of thermogenic supplements, in human hepatic cells in vitro.
Ribeiro DL, Machado ART, da Silva Machado C, Santos PWDS, Aissa AF, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG.
Toxicology. 2019 Apr 17;422:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.010.

Review of Published Bitter Orange Extract and p-Synephrine Adverse Event Clinical Study Case Reports.
Stohs SJ, Ray SD.
J Diet Suppl. 2019 Mar 5:1-9. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1577936.

Synephrine Hydrochloride Suppresses Esophageal Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastatic Potential through Inhibition of Galectin-3-AKT/ERK Signaling.
Xu WW, Zheng CC, Huang YN, Chen WY, Yang QS, Ren JY, Wang YM, He QY, Liao HX, Li B.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Sep 5;66(35):9248-9258. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04020

STEMI in a Young Male after Use of Synephrine-Containing Dietary Supplement.
Unnikrishnan D, Annam R, Jacob A, Thyagarajan B, Farrugia P.
Case Rep Cardiol. 2018 Apr 1;2018:7074104. doi: 10.1155/2018/7074104.

Effects of p-Synephrine and Caffeine Ingestion on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise.
Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Sep;50(9):1899-1906. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001653.

Safety evaluation of p-synephrine following 15 days of oral administration to healthy subjects: A clinical study.
Shara M, Stohs SJ, Smadi MM.
Phytother Res. 2018 Jan;32(1):125-131. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5956.

Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Stohs SJ, Ellis NL, Vought IT, O'Grady EA, Kuper JD, Hasan SB, Kang J, Faigenbaum AD.
Phytother Res. 2018 Jan;32(1):94-102. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5953.

Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanistic Studies Regarding Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and p-Synephrine.
Stohs SJ.
Phytother Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):1463-1474. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5879. Epub 2017

Phytochemical compounds in sport nutrition: Synephrine and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as examples for evaluation of possible health risks.
Bakhiya N, Ziegenhagen R, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Dusemund B, Richter K, Schultrich K, Pevny S, Schäfer B, Lampen A.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Jun;61(6). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201601020

Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males.
Jung YP, Earnest CP, Koozehchian M, Cho M, Barringer N, Walker D, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Murano PS, Kreider RB.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Jan 3;14:1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0158-3.

Risk assessment of synephrine in dietary supplements.
Bakhyia N, Dusemund B, Richter K, Lindtner O, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Schäfer B, Lampen A.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2017 Mar;60(3):323-331. doi: 10.1007/s00103-016-2506-5.

La Sinefrina è un componente naturale, un alcaloide.

Si trova in natura in frutta come l'arancia amara e viene anche chiamata p-sinefrina o ossedrina.

Ha un'azione antiossidante e viene usata nelle diete per perdere peso, tuttavia la sua efficacia non è stata dimostrata.

Sinefrina studi

Formula molecolare: C₉H₁₃NO₂

Peso molecolare: 167.208 g/mol

CAS: 94-07-5    582-84-3

EC Number: 202-300-9

PubChem Substance ID 329766291

MDL number MFCD00002370

Sinonimi: 

• Oxedrine
• p-Synephrine
• Synephrin
• Synthenate
• (+/-)-Synephrine
• (+/-)synephrine
• Synephrine(Oxedrine)
• (+,-)-Synephrine
• alpha-(4-Oxyphenyl)alpha-oxy-beta-methylaminoaethan
• Sympathol
• Synefrin
• 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
• p-Methylaminoethanolphenol
• p-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol
• 4-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzenemethanol
• p-Hydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol
• 4-hydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol
• l-Synephrine
• 4-Hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol
• beta-Methylamino-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol
• Methylaminomethyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol
• 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol
• l-Sympatol
• p-((Methylamino)ethanol)phenol
• p-[(Methylamino)ethanol]phenol
• 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(N-methylethanol)amine
• 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-ol
• Oxedrine [INN:BAN]
• ((Methylamino)methyl)((4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol)
• [(Methylamino)methyl][(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbinol]
• Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)-
• Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)-, (S)-
• p-Hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol
• .beta.-Methylamino-.alpha.-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol
• Benzyl alcohol, p-hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]-
• Parakorper
• 1-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]-2-methylaminoethanol
• 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylethanolamine
• 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol
• p-Hydroxyphenylmethylaminoethanol
• p-Oxedrine
• Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-.alpha.-[(methylamino)methyl]-
• alpha-(4-Oxyphenyl)alpha-oxy-beta-methylaminoaethan [German]
• 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-(2-methylamino)ethanol
• 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)phenol
• Ethaphene
• Parasympatol
• Sympaethamine
• Sympatol
• Sympaethamin
• Analeptin