The Impact of Caffeine and Coffee on Human Health.
Cornelis MC.
Nutrients. 2019 Feb 16;11(2). pii: E416. doi: 10.3390/nu11020416.

Caffeine and myocardial perfusion: a clinical perspective.
Byrne C, Pareek M, Kjaer A, Hasbak P.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 May 29. pii: jez096. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jez096

Maternal, but not paternal or grandparental, caffeine intake is associated with childhood obesity and adiposity: The Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study.
Chen LW, Murrin CM, Mehegan J, Kelleher CC, Phillips CM; Cross-Generation Cohort Study for the Lifeways.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jun 1;109(6):1648-1655. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz019.

Binding modes and metabolism of caffeine.
Jandova Z, Gill SC, Lim NM, Mobley DL, Oostenbrink C.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 May 27. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00030.

Adolescent caffeine consumption and mammographic breast density in premenopausal women.
Yaghjyan L, Colditz G, Rosner B, Rich S, Egan K, Tamimi RM.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 May 31. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02018-0.

Another Reason for Using Caffeine in Dermocosmetics: Sunscreen Adjuvant.
Rosado C, Tokunaga VK, Sauce R, de Oliveira CA, Sarruf FD, Parise-Filho R, Maurício E, de Almeida TS, Velasco MVR, Baby AR.
Front Physiol. 2019 May 3;10:519. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00519.

Acute effects of caffeine ingestion on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Emami MR, Khorshidi M, Zarezadeh M, Safabakhsh M, Rezagholizadeh F, Alizadeh S.
Complement Ther Med. 2019 Jun;44:282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.003.

Involvement of Cardiorespiratory Capacity on the Acute Effects of Caffeine on Autonomic Recovery.
Gonzaga LA, Vanderlei LCM, Gomes RL, Garner DM, Valenti VE.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 23;55(5). pii: E196. doi: 10.3390/medicina55050196.

Caffeine alters the dynamics of ocular accommodation depending on the habitual caffeine intake.
Redondo B, Vera J, Molina R, Luque-Casado A, Jiménez R.
Exp Eye Res. 2019 May 14. pii: S0014-4835(19)30132-0. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.003.

The Use of Caffeine by People with Epilepsy: the Myths and the Evidence.
Bauer PR, Sander JW.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019 May 14;19(6):32. doi: 10.1007/s11910-019-0948-5.

Effect of tea catechins with caffeine on energy expenditure in middle-aged men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
Katada S, Yanagimoto A, Matsui Y, Hibi M, Osaki N, Kobayashi S, Katsuragi Y.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 May 6. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01976-9.

The Effects of Acute Caffeine Supplementation on Performance in Trained CrossFit Athletes.
Stein JA, Ramirez M, Heinrich KM.
Sports (Basel). 2019 Apr 25;7(4). pii: E95. doi: 10.3390/sports7040095.

Caffeine and caffeine metabolites in relation to hypertension in U.S. adults.
Ngueta G.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr 24. doi: 10.1038/s41430-019-0430-0.

The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper and lower body anaerobic exercise performance.
Duncan MJ, Eyre E, Grgic J, Tallis J.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Apr 23:1-8. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1601261.

Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Neonatal Anthropometric Parameters.
Wierzejska R, Jarosz M, Wojda B.
Nutrients. 2019 Apr 9;11(4). pii: E806. doi: 10.3390/nu11040806

The effect of caffeine on cutaneous postocclusive reactive hyperaemia.
Melik Z, Princi T, Grill V, Cankar K.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 8;14(4):e0214919. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214919.

Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review perspective.
De Giuseppe R, Di Napoli I, Granata F, Mottolese A, Cena H.
Nutr Res Rev. 2019 Apr 5:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S0954422419000015

Gender Differences in Any-Source Caffeine and Energy Drink Use and Associated Adverse Health Behaviors.
Dillon P, Kelpin S, Kendler K, Thacker L, Dick D, Svikis D.
J Caffeine Adenosine Res. 2019 Mar 1;9(1):12-19. doi: 10.1089/caff.2018.0008.

Effects of Caffeine on Colon: A Potential Clinical Use of Coffee in Surgical Patients.
Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Farinetti A, Gelmini R.
Dig Surg. 2019 Mar 28:1-2. doi: 10.1159/000499198.

How to recognize caffeine overdose.
Carreon CC, Parsh B.
Nursing. 2019 Apr;49(4):52-55. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000553278.11096.86.

Caffeine is a natural alkaloid that acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

In particular it is absorbed by the stomach and in about half an hour enters the cardiovascular system. It is metabolized by the liver and expelled through the kidneys.

In the meantime it installs itself in the cerebral cortex and in the brain stem where it creates a state of attention and / or restlessness.

High doses of caffeine, product intolerance or drug use can have serious consequences on the body (1).

It can be addictive.

The high and increasing consumption of so-called energy drinks over the last few years is taken into consideration by this in-depth study on 2097 publications and the relationship between caffeine (present in such beverages) and adverse events in the cardiovascular and neurological system is discussed (2 ) and here the negative effects of these drinks are analyzed (3).

Caffeine is used in the following products:

• cosmetics
• personal care products
• perfumes and fragrances

It is likely that there will be emissions of this substance into the environment from:

• washing liquids
• machine detergents
• car care products
• paints
• coatings or adhesives
• fragrances and deodorants

Caffeine studies

Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₀N₄O₂

Molecular Weight: 194.194 g/mol

UNII: 3G6A5W338E

CAS: 58-08-2  71701-02-5  95789-13-2

EC Number: 200-362-1

FEMA Number: 2224

PubChem Substance ID 24277682

MDL number MFCD00005758

Beilstein Registry Number 17705

Synonyms:

• 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
• Theobromine, 1-methyl-
• Propoxyphene Compound 65
• SK-65 Compound
• teina
• Ercatab
• Lanorinal
• 1,3,7-trimethyl-1,3,7-trihydropurine-2,6-dione
• 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion
• 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropurine
• 1-methyltheobromine
• 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-
• 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
• 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione
• 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
• Theophylline Me
• Xanthine, 1,3,7-trimethyl
• Methylxanthine theophylline
• Theobromine Me
• Phensal
• 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
• Caffeine, synthetic
• Quick-Pep
• Durvitan
• Wigraine
• 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
• Theophylline, 7-methyl
• DHCplus
• Tri-Aqua
• Kofein
• Miudol
• Caffeine, anhydrous
• Tirend
• Cafecon
• Caffine
• Dexitac
• Nodaca
• Caffedrine
• Stim
• Methyltheobromine
• Koffein
• Mateina
• Theine
• Alert-pep

References________________________________________

(1) Survival of a highly toxic dose of caffeine.
Bioh G, Gallagher MM, Prasad U.
BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Feb 8;2013. pii: bcr2012007454. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007454.

A case of caffeine-induced coronary artery vasospasm of a 17-year-old male.
Wilson RE, Kado HS, Samson R, Miller AB.
Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2012 Jun;12(2):175-9. doi: 10.1007/s12012-011-9152-9.

A case of atrial tachycardia sensitive to increased caffeine intake.
Kinugawa T, Kurita T, Nohara R, Smith ML.
Int Heart J. 2011;52(6):398-400.

(2) Energy drinks and their adverse health effects: a systematic review of the current evidence.
Ali F, Rehman H, Babayan Z, Stapleton D, Joshi DD.
Postgrad Med. 2015 Jan 6:1-15.

Consumption of energy drinks with alcohol, hazardous mixture.
Iglesias-Lepine ML, Epelde F, Espinosa J, Mariñosa M.
Med Clin (Barc). 2013 Aug 4;141(3):135-6. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.11.009. 

(3) Risks of energy drinks in youths.  Bigard AX
Arch Pediatr. 2010 Nov;17(11):1625-31. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.08.001.