CI 73900, also known as Pigment Violet 19, is a synthetic dye based on quinacridone, a heterocyclic organic compound. Pigment Violet 19 is a red/purple pigment valued for its excellent resistance to heat, light, and chemicals, making it highly durable and suitable for a wide range of applications. Due to its stability and vibrancy, it is used in paints, coatings, plastics, inks, and cosmetics.
Chemical Composition and Structure
Pigment Violet 19 is derived from quinacridone, a polycyclic, aromatic organic compound with alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms in its structure. Its chemical composition includes a quinacridone core, which provides the pigment with high thermal and chemical resistance. The molecule's conjugated system of alternating double bonds contributes to its strong coloration properties, giving it its distinctive red to violet hue.
Physical Properties
CI 73900 appears as a reddish-purple powder with excellent heat and light stability. It is highly resistant to solvents, acids, and alkalis, which makes it suitable for long-lasting applications in harsh environments. Its high tinting strength allows it to provide vivid and rich colors, even at lower concentrations.
Production Process
CI 73900 is synthesized through a chemical process that involves the reaction of quinacridone precursors, followed by purification and processing into a fine pigment powder. The production process is carefully controlled to achieve the desired particle size and color strength, ensuring consistent quality for various applications.
Chemical Industrial Synthesis Process
- Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include 2,5-dianilino-terephthalic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.
- Synthesis of quinacridone intermediate. The production of CI 73900 begins with the cyclization of 2,5-dianilino-terephthalic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, forming a dihydro-quinacridone intermediate.
- Oxidation. The dihydro-quinacridone intermediate is oxidized using an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide to form the quinacridone chromophore, which is responsible for the coloring properties of CI 73900.
- Washing and filtration. The oxidized product is thoroughly washed to remove acidic residues and other impurities, followed by filtration to obtain the desired material.
- Crystallization. The washed product is crystallized to achieve a well-defined crystalline structure, enhancing the optical and color properties of CI 73900.
- Stabilization. The crystallized CI 73900 is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation and oxidation.
- Quality control. The CI 73900 undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, color intensity, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.
What it is used for and where
Cosmetics
Restricted cosmetic ingredient as IV/102 a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:
- 5,12-Dihydroquino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione
Cosmetics - INCI Functions
Colorant. This ingredient has the function of colouring the solution in which it is inserted in a temporary, semi-permanent or permanent manner, either alone or in the presence of the complementary components added for colouring.
Safety
It is an ingredient that has some important health-related contraindications: it should only be used in cosmetic products that have contact with the skin for a short time.
Use in hair colouring products is prohibited.
Applications
Paints and Coatings: Pigment Violet 19 is commonly used in industrial paints and coatings due to its excellent color retention, resistance to fading, and ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
Plastics: It is used to color plastics, offering vibrant and stable hues that resist degradation from heat and UV exposure, making it ideal for outdoor applications.
Inks: CI 73900 is used in printing inks for its vivid color and resistance to fading, particularly in high-end packaging and printing applications.
Cosmetics: In the cosmetic industry, Pigment Violet 19 is used in formulations like lipsticks, eyeshadows, and nail polishes, offering bold color with good resistance to wear.
Health and Safety Considerations
Safety in Use
Pigment Violet 19 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, inks, and industrial applications. It is non-toxic and does not pose significant risks when used in regulated quantities. However, care should be taken during handling and manufacturing, as with all industrial pigments, to avoid inhalation of dust or prolonged skin contact.
Allergic Reactions
There is minimal evidence to suggest that Pigment Violet 19 causes allergic reactions. Nonetheless, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should be cautious when using products that contain synthetic pigments, especially in cosmetics.
Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
There is no evidence that Pigment Violet 19 is carcinogenic or acutely toxic. It has been evaluated by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its safe use in cosmetics and personal care products, provided it meets the required purity standards.
Environmental and Safety Considerations
Due to its stability and resistance to degradation, Pigment Violet 19 may persist in the environment. However, it is generally considered safe when disposed of properly. Industries using this pigment must follow environmental guidelines for waste management to prevent contamination of soil and water systems.
Regulatory Status
CI 73900 (Pigment Violet 19) is approved for use in cosmetics, plastics, paints, and coatings in many regions, including the European Union and the United States. In the cosmetic industry, its use is regulated to ensure it meets safety standards, particularly concerning heavy metal content and other impurities.
Molecular Formula C20H12N2O2
Chemical Name 5,12-dihydroquinolino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione
Molecular Weight 312.3 g/mol
CAS 1047-16-1
EC number 213-879-2
UNII 11P487375P
DTXSID5027354
Synonyms:
Pigment violet 19
CI 46500
Quinacridone
Monastral Red
Sunfast Violet
CI 73900 
