D&C Yellow No. 11 is a chemical compound, a synthetic dye also known as CI 47000, Solvent Yellow 33

Chemical Name:  2-quinolin-2-ylindene-1,3-dione

What it is used for and where

Cosmetics

Restricted cosmetic ingredient as IV/81 (CI 47000) (colorant) II/1358 (Solvent Yellow 33; CI 47000): when used as a substance in hair dye products) a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:

• 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, reaction products with methylquinoline and quinoline

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Colorant. This ingredient has the function of colouring the solution in which it is inserted in a temporary, semi-permanent or permanent manner, either alone or in the presence of the complementary components added for colouring.
• Hair dyeing. It is an ingredient that adds a colouring to the hair that can be temporary, semi-permanent or permanent depending on what other ingredients are added to achieve the result. The pH for hair dyeing is generally between 9 and 10.

Safety

It is an ingredient that has some important health-related contraindications: it must not come into contact with mucous membranes.

A number of studies have focused on this dye that have found it to be dangerous (1). 

Molecular Formula    C₁₈H₁₁NO₂

Molecular Weight    273.3 g/mol

CAS   8003-22-3

EC number  232-318-2

UNII 44F3HYL954

DTXSID00873130

Synonyms: 

Solvent Yellow 33

CI 47000

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) National Toxicology Program. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of D&C Yellow No. 11 (CAS No. 8003-22-3) in F344/N Rats (Feed Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1997 Apr;463:1-190. PMID: 12587013.

Abstract. .... Exposure of rats to D&C Yellow No. 11 in feed for 2 years resulted in increased incidences of nonneoplastic liver lesions including clear cell foci, increased basophilia and granularity in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and bile duct, hepatocyte, and Kupffer cell pigmentation in males and females and mixed cell foci in males. In the kidney, there were increased incidences of renal tubule pigmentation and transitional epithelial hyperplasia in males and females and renal tubule hyperplasia in males. The severity of nephropathy was increased in exposed males and females. Synonyms: 2-(2-Quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione; 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione Trade names: Arlosol Yellow S, Chinoline Yellow D (soluble in spirits), Chinoline Yellow ZSS, C.I. 47000, C.I. Solvent Yellow 33, Nitro Fast Yellow SL, Oil Yellow SIS, Petrol Yellow C, Quinoline Yellow A Spirit Soluble, Quinoline Yellow Base, Quinoline Yellow Spirit Soluble, Quinoline Yellow SS, Solvent Yellow 33, Waxoline Yellow T

Eastin WC, Elwell MR, Grumbein S, Yuan JH. Effects of D&C yellow no. 11 ingestion on F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Jun 7;48(2):197-213. doi: 10.1080/009841096161438.

Abstract. ....Microscopic lesions in the liver and kidney of the pups in all dose groups were similar to those described in the 13-wk study. The results of these studies indicate that compound-related effects occurred at all dietary concentrations of D&C yellow no. 11. Liver weights were increased in dosed rats and mice, minimal to mild hepatocellular degeneration was seen in rats receiving dietary concentrations of 1700 ppm and above and in mice at 5000 ppm and above, and there was an increase in the number and size of hyaline droplets in all dosed groups of male rats. Similar compound-related effects were also seen in all dosed rats in the perinatal toxicity study. With the exception of pigment accumulation, the treatment-related kidney and liver lesions in male rats were reversible by 14 d after chemical was withdrawn from the diet.