Cherry Tree (Prunus avium L.), commonly known as the Sweet Cherry tree , is a species in the Rosaceae family, recognized for its delicious and juicy cherries. Native to Europe and Western Asia, it is widely cultivated both for its fruit and ornamental qualities. The tree is celebrated for its attractive blossoms and high-quality fruit.

Botanical Classification:

Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Species: Prunus avium

Plant Characteristics:

Growth Form: Prunus avium is a deciduous tree that typically grows to a height of 10-15 meters (32-50 feet). It features a broad, spreading canopy and smooth, gray bark.
Leaves: The leaves are oval or elliptic, with finely serrated edges and a glossy green appearance. They measure about 7-15 cm (2.8-5.9 inches) long and are arranged alternately on the branches.
Flowers: The tree produces clusters of white or pale pink flowers in early spring. The flowers are fragrant and have five petals each.
Fruit: The fruit is a drupe known as a sweet cherry. It has a smooth skin that can be yellow, red, or dark purple, with a sweet, juicy flesh and a hard pit inside.

Chemical Composition and Structure:

Oils: Cherry seed oil, derived from the seeds, is rich in fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids. It also contains vitamin E, known for its antioxidant properties.
Vitamins and Minerals: Sweet cherries are high in vitamins A and C, potassium, and dietary fiber. These nutrients contribute to various health benefits.
Phenolic Compounds: Sweet cherries contain phenolic compounds and anthocyanins that offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

How to Cultivate It:

Soil: Prunus avium thrives in well-drained soils, preferably sandy or loamy. It performs best in soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH.
Light: The sweet cherry tree requires full sun for optimal fruit production. It needs at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Watering: Regular watering is necessary, especially during dry periods, but overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot.
Propagation: The tree is typically propagated through seeds or grafting. Grafting is preferred to ensure consistent fruit quality and tree performance.
Maintenance: Regular pruning is essential to maintain the tree’s shape, remove dead or diseased branches, and enhance air circulation. Monitoring for pests and diseases is also important.

Uses and Benefits:

Culinary Uses: Sweet cherries are enjoyed fresh, as well as in desserts, jams, and sauces. They are valued for their sweet, juicy flavor and versatility in culinary applications.
Cosmetic Uses: Cherry seed oil is used in skincare products due to its emollient and moisturizing properties. It is included in lotions, creams, and hair care products.
Medicinal Uses: Sweet cherries are known for their potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to overall well-being.

Applications:

Food Industry: Sweet cherries are used in a wide range of food products, including fresh fruit, baked goods, jams, and beverages. Cherry seed oil is also used in culinary applications.
Cosmetics and Personal Care: Cherry seed oil is incorporated into personal care products for its hydrating and soothing effects. It is used in skincare and hair care formulations.
Medicinal Products: Sweet cherries and their extracts are utilized in traditional medicine for their nutritional benefits and potential therapeutic effects.

Environmental and Safety Considerations:

Environmental Impact: The cultivation of sweet cherry trees has a moderate environmental impact. Water use is necessary but can be managed sustainably.
Safety: Sweet cherries are generally safe to eat. However, cherry pits contain amygdalin, which can release cyanide if consumed in large quantities. Therefore, consumption of pits should be avoided.

INCI:


Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.
Synonyms:

CAS: 85566-22-9 EC number 287-632-2